{"id":7416,"date":"2015-12-23T10:33:27","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7416"},"modified":"2015-12-23T10:33:27","modified_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:33:27","slug":"oresak","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/oresak\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k pat\u0159\u00ed od \u010deledi <em>Juglandacea<\/em> \u2013 o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1kovit\u00fdch. P\u016fvodem poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Asie a ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy, na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR je pouze zdom\u00e1cn\u011bl\u00ed. O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k je diploidn\u00ed (2n=32), n\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy a variety jsou samospra\u0161n\u00e9, jin\u00e9 pak i cizospra\u0161n\u00e9. Je jednodom\u00fd, s\u00a0kv\u011bty jednopohlavn\u00edmi a anemofiln\u00edmi (v\u011btrosnubn\u00e9), v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vznikaj\u00ed plody i apomikticky. Plodem o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1ku je peckovice. Vrchn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st (exokarp a mezokarp) se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 rubina (zelen\u00e9 pukav\u00e9 oplod\u00ed). Endokarp tvo\u0159\u00ed sko\u0159\u00e1pku pecky &#8211; o\u0159echu. Podle tlou\u0161\u0165ky sko\u0159\u00e1pky a le\u0161titelnosti se o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k rozd\u011bluje na n\u011bkolik variet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>var. <strong><em>tenera<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 pap\u00edrky a polopap\u00edrkyse sko\u0159\u00e1pkou hladkou a tenkou,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>durissima<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 kamen\u00e1\u010d velk\u00fd s tlustost\u011bnnou t\u011b\u017eko loupatelnou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>connata<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 kamen\u00e1\u010d mal\u00fd s tlustost\u011bnnou t\u011b\u017eko loupatelnou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>maxima<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 k\u0159ap\u00e1\u010d obrovsk\u00fd s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi plody, velmi rozbr\u00e1zd\u011bnou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>macrocarpa<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 k\u0159ap\u00e1\u010d velk\u00fd s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi plody, velmi rozbr\u00e1zd\u011bnou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>racemosa<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 hroznovit\u00e9 kamen\u00e1\u010de s\u00a0tvrdou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou a s\u00a0plody po 8 a\u017e 20 v\u00a0hroznu,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>fertilis<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 hroznovit\u00e9 polopap\u00edrky s\u00a0pevnou polotvrdou sko\u0159\u00e1pkou a s\u00a0plody po 9 a\u017e 28 v\u00a0hroznu,<\/li>\n<li>var.<strong><em> rubra<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 \u010dervenojadr\u00e9 kamen\u00e1\u010de s\u00a0karm\u00ednov\u011b zbarven\u00fdm osemen\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>rotunda<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 o\u0159ech obecn\u00fd kulat\u00fd,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>oblonga<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 o\u0159ech podlouhl\u00fd,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>cilindrica<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 o\u0159ech v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd,<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>serotina<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1ky svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 (pozdn\u011b ra\u0161\u00edc\u00ed),<\/li>\n<li>var. <strong><em>laciniata<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 o\u0159echy st\u0159\u00edhanolist\u00e9,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obsahov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: energetick\u00e1 hodnota 28\u00a0220 kJ.kg-1, voda 49 g.kg-1, vl\u00e1knina 27 g.kg-1, b\u00edlkoviny 184 g.kg-1, lipidy 603 g.kg-1, sacharidy 146 g.kg-1, vitam\u00edny: kys. pantotenov\u00e1 9,3 mg.kg-1, PP niacin 8,8 mg.kg-1, C- kys.askorbov\u00e1 30 mg.kg-1, E-tokoferol 220 mg.kg-1, B1-thiamin 4,05 mg.kg-1, B6 &#8211; pyridoxin 6,77 mg.kg-1, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky: K, S, Ca, Mg, P.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na teplotu, nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou oblasti s\u00a0teplotou v\u00a0dob\u011b vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu neklesaj\u00edc\u00ed pod -26 \u00b0C, v\u00a0dob\u011b ra\u0161en\u00ed pak po\u0161kozuj\u00ed o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k teploty pod -2\u00b0C. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota by m\u011bla dosahovat 8 -10 \u00b0C, (v dob\u011b vegetace pak 16\u00b0C). Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek by m\u011bl dosahovat 550 \u2013 700 mm, hladina podzemn\u00ed vody by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u00fd\u0161e jako 2 m. Pro produk\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsadby nejl\u00e9pe vyhovuj\u00ed vinohradnick\u00e9 oblasti. P\u016fdy maj\u00ed b\u00fdt hlinit\u00e9 s\u00a0dostatkem humusu a v\u00e1pn\u00edku. O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k \u010dasto namrz\u00e1, ale m\u00e1 vysokou regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnost.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Podno\u017ee: jako podno\u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed semen\u00e1\u010de o\u0159echu vla\u0161sk\u00e9ho, semen\u00e1\u010de o\u0159echu \u010dern\u00e9ho (<em>Juglans nigra<\/em>), a o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1ku popelav\u00e9ho (<em>Juglans cinerea<\/em>) a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u011bstuje se ve tvaru polokmenu a \u010dtvrtkmenu (v extenzivn\u00edm ovocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed i jako vysokokmen) ve sponu 8 \u2013 10 x 6 \u2013 7 m. K\u00a0v\u00fdsadb\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt roubovanc\u016f, vysazuj\u00ed se ji\u017e se zap\u011bstovanou korunou nebo jako \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1k. Roubovan\u00e9 o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1ky nastupuj\u00ed do plodnosti 3.- 4. rokem, semen\u00e1\u010de nejd\u0159\u00edve 15. rokem. Na \u0159ez je o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, v\u00fdchovn\u00fd \u0159ez nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd. V\u00fdnos se pohybuje od 0,7 do\u00a0 2 \u00a0t\/ha. Obdob\u00ed plodnosti je 70-90 let, ekonomick\u00e1 \u017eivotnost pak 80-100 let, do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se a\u017e 150 let.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k pat\u0159\u00ed od \u010deledi Juglandacea \u2013 o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1kovit\u00fdch. P\u016fvodem poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Asie a ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy, na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR je pouze zdom\u00e1cn\u011bl\u00ed. O\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7416","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7416"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7418,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7416\/revisions\/7418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}