{"id":7410,"date":"2015-12-23T10:32:47","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7410"},"modified":"2015-12-23T10:32:47","modified_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:32:47","slug":"jahodnik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/jahodnik\/","title":{"rendered":"Jahodn\u00edk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jahodn\u00edk n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae<\/em> \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00fdch. Na vzniku kulturn\u00edch forem se pod\u00edlelo v\u00edcero botanick\u00fdch druh\u016f nap\u0159. F. vesca<\/em>, F. moschata<\/em>, F. viridis<\/em>, americk\u00e9 jako F. platypetala<\/em>, asijsk\u00e9 jako F. orientalis<\/em>, F. bucharica<\/em> atd. Tzv. jednouplod\u00edc\u00ed jahodn\u00edk i tzv. remontantn\u00ed jahodn\u00edk jsou oktoploidn\u00ed (8n=56), m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed jahodn\u00edk je diploidn\u00ed (2n=14). V\u0161echny odr\u016fdy jsou samospra\u0161n\u00e9. Vyskytuj\u00ed se, ale i odr\u016fdy se steriln\u00edm pylem, nebo pouze se sami\u010d\u00edmi kv\u011bty. Plodem je souplod\u00ed na\u017eek ! Pro lep\u0161\u00ed opylen\u00ed je vhodn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u010del eventueln\u011b \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle charakteru plodnosti m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit jahodn\u00edk na skupiny:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. jednouplod\u00edc\u00ed: (tzv. \u010dervnov\u00e9) odr\u016fdy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kv\u011bty b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho dne, p\u0159i dlouh\u00e9m dni vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u0161lahouny.<\/li>\n
  2. remontatn\u00ed<\/strong>: plod\u00ed 2 x i v\u00edcekr\u00e1t b\u011bhem jednoho vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kv\u011btn\u00ed poupata b\u011bhem dlouh\u00e9ho dne. (tyto odr\u016fdy se mno\u017e\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji semeny a metodami in-vitro, netvo\u0159\u00ed \u0161lahouny).<\/li>\n
  3. Neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed: vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kv\u011bty jak v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dlouh\u00e9ho dne tak v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m dni. Tyto odr\u016fdy kvetou a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u0161lahouny od jara do konce vegetace (pozdn\u00ed podzim). Pat\u0159\u00ed sem v\u011bt\u0161inou nov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy, nej\u010dast\u011bji americk\u00e9 jako nap\u0159. Aptos a Brighton.<\/li>\n
  4. M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed:<\/strong> kvetou a dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed od poloviny \u010dervna a\u017e do podzimu, (netvo\u0159\u00ed \u0161lahouny, mno\u017e\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b semenem).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Obsahov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: <\/strong>Energetick\u00e1 hodnota:\u00a0 1800 kJ.kg-1, voda 850 g.kg-1, sacharidy 88 g.kg-1, vl\u00e1knina 13 g.kg-1, b\u00edlkoviny 9 g.kg-1, lipidy 6 g.kg-1, vitam\u00edny: C-kys. askorbov\u00e1 618 mg.kg-1, vit. P a bioflavonoidy 200 mg.kg-1, kys. pantotenov\u00e1 4,4 mg.kg-1, PP niacin 2,9 mg.kg-1, E tokoferol 2,8 mg.kg-1, v\u00a0mal\u00e9m vit. B6, B2 a B1, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky: K \u2013 1510 mg.kg-1, P \u2013 311 mg.kg-1, Ca \u2013 310 mg.kg-1, Mg \u2013 132 mg.kg-1, S \u2013 128 mg.kg-1, Cl \u2013 118 mg.kg-1, Na \u2013 30 mg.kg-1.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou jahody velmi p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9, nejl\u00e9pe plod\u00ed a rostou v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch oblastech do 500 \u2013 600 m\/M. pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota by m\u011bla dosahovat 7 \u00b0C, suma ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek 600-700 mm, hladina spodn\u00ed vody max. do 0,5 m. Na p\u016fdy je jahodn\u00edk nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, roste na v\u0161ech typech krom\u011b p\u016fd kamenit\u00fdch, \u0161t\u011brkovit\u00fdch, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch a zamok\u0159en\u00fdch. Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pH je okolo 5,5 \u2013 6,5 a obsah humus okolo 2,2 %.<\/p>\n

    P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed: v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuj\u00ed dva syst\u00e9my p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Klasick\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby jahod zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se na 2-3 roky, p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b od poloviny srpna do za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    2. V\u00fdsadba jednolet\u00fdch kultur z:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      • chlazen\u00e9 sadby (tzv.frigosadba, odlist\u011bn\u00e9 sazenice v\u00a0polyetylenov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch chlazen\u00e9 do v\u00fdsadby na -2 \u00b0C).<\/li>\n
      • nebo ze sadby z\u00a0mno\u017e\u00e1rensk\u00fdch ploch z\u00a0porost\u016f udr\u017eovan\u00fdch ve vegetativn\u00edm r\u016fstu, (ru\u010dn\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u011btn\u00edch stvol\u016f).<\/li>\n
      • z\u00a0p\u0159edp\u011bstovan\u00e9 sadby, v\u00fdsadba pln\u011b vyvinut\u00fdch sazenic skladovan\u00fdch p\u0159i -0,5 a\u017e -1 \u00b0C jen 2 m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm term\u00ednem sklizn\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdsadba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. jedno\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e1:\u00a0 spon 83 x 20-25 cm (50-60 tis. ks\/ha) nebo 90 x 35 (30 tis. ks\/ha)<\/li>\n
        2. dvoj\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e1: v\u00fdsadba do dvoj\u0159\u00e1dk\u016f od sebe vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch 40-50 cm, (mohou b\u00fdt nahr\u016fbkovan\u00e9 nebo na UV stabiln\u00ed f\u00f3lii \u2013 netkan\u00e1 textilie. (80 tis. ks\/ha).<\/li>\n
        3. z\u00e1honov\u00e1: z\u00e1hony 1,2 -1,4 m \u0161irok\u00e9 se 3 \u0159adami, v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b je vzd\u00e1lenost 20-25 cm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Jahodn\u00edk nastupuje do plodnosti dle typu v\u00fdsadby od prvn\u00edho roku, \u017eivotnost intenzivn\u00edch v\u00fdsadeb b\u00fdv\u00e1 max.3 roky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Jahodn\u00edk n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00fdch. Na vzniku kulturn\u00edch forem se pod\u00edlelo v\u00edcero botanick\u00fdch druh\u016f nap\u0159. F. vesca, F. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7410","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7412,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7410\/revisions\/7412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}