{"id":7401,"date":"2015-12-23T10:15:40","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7401"},"modified":"2015-12-23T10:35:27","modified_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:35:27","slug":"merunky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/merunky\/","title":{"rendered":"Meru\u0148ky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Meru\u0148ka pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00fdch, a krom\u011b meru\u0148ky obecn\u00e9 m\u00e1 zahradnick\u00fd v\u00fdznam n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f jako nap\u0159. <em>P. sibirica<\/em> L. Pearson. (meru\u0148ka sibi\u0159sk\u00e1), <em>P. mandshurica<\/em> Max.Kost. (meru\u0148ka mand\u017eusk\u00e1) , <em>P. mume <\/em>Sieb. Kost. (meru\u0148ka japonsk\u00e1) a <em>P. ansu<\/em> Max.Kost. (meru\u0148ka korejsk\u00e1). Podle komplexu morfologick\u00fdch, biologick\u00fdch, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a ve vztahu k\u00a0jejich geografick\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu se meru\u0148ky rozd\u011bluj\u00ed do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch skupin:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>St\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9<\/strong>: (st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edna, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, severn\u00ed Indie, \u2026)<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Ir\u00e1nsko-kavkazsk\u00e9<\/strong>: Arm\u00e9nie, Gruzie, \u00c1zerbajd\u017e\u00e1n, S\u00fdrie,Turecko, severn\u00ed Afrika, \u2026)<\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Evropsk\u00e9<\/strong>: (ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Evropy, USA, ji\u017en\u00ed Afrika, Austr\u00e1lie,\u2026)<\/p>\n<p>d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>D\u017eungarsko-Zailijsk\u00e9<\/strong>: (kultivary D\u017eungarsk\u00e9 oblasti, Kugansk\u00e9 oblasti, Kazachst\u00e1nu, severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, Alma-Atsk\u00e1_oblast,\u2026)<\/p>\n<p>e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Mi\u010durinsk\u00e1 nebo Mand\u017eursko-sibi\u0159sk\u00e1<\/strong>: kultivary I.V.Mi\u010durina, m\u00edstn\u00ed kultivary Zabajkalska, D\u00e1ln\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu,\u2026)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Meru\u0148ka je diploidn\u00ed (2n=16), nej\u010dast\u011bji samospra\u0161n\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy jsou, ale \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b samospra\u0161n\u00e9 a plod\u00ed l\u00e9pe ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou pro opylen\u00ed kv\u011bt\u016f nezbytn\u00e9 3-4\u00a0 v\u010delstva\/ha.<\/p>\n<p>Obsahov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: Energetick\u00e1 hodnota: 2390 kJ.kg-1, voda 833 g.kg-1, sacharidy 134 g.kg-1, vl\u00e1knina g.kg-1, b\u00edlkoviny g.kg-1, vitam\u00edny: C-kys.askorbov\u00e1 65 mg.kg-1, vitam\u00edn A 8,43 mg.kg-1, PP niacin mg.kg-1, kys. pantotenov\u00e1 2,7 mg.kg-1, v\u00a0mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed B6 a B2, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky: K (2420 mg.kg-1), P (253 mg.kg-1), Ca (170 mg.kg-1), Mg (111 mg.kg-1), Na (91 mg.kg-1).<\/p>\n<p>Meru\u0148ky vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nejteplej\u0161\u00ed oblasti s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou ro\u010dn\u00ed teplotou nad 8,5 \u00b0C, p\u0159i nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce do 250 m\/M. Optimum ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek je 550 \u2013 600mm. Lang\u016fv de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fd faktor 50-60. P\u016fdy vy\u017eaduje st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, dostate\u010dn\u011b vzdu\u0161n\u00e9, p\u00eds\u010dit\u011b hlinit\u00e9 a\u017e hlinit\u00e9, se 40 % obsahem j\u00edlovit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Z\u00e1soba v\u00e1pn\u00edku m\u00e1 b\u00fdt st\u0159edn\u00ed. Vhodn\u00e9 jsou kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Mrazuodolnost: v\u00a0obdob\u00ed dormance snesou meru\u0148ky &#8211; kv\u011btn\u00ed pupeny \u2013 23 a\u017e \u2013 25 \u00b0C. Vlastn\u00ed kv\u011bt pak snese \u2013 2,5 a\u017e \u2013 3,5 \u00b0C, plod pouze 0,6 a\u017e 1,0 \u00b0C v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na odr\u016fd\u011b. Meru\u0148ky nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zimn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy teplot.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 podno\u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gen: M-LE-1, M-VA-1, M-VA-2, M-VA-3, M-HL-1, MY-VS-1, MY-BO-1, S-BO-1;<\/p>\n<p>Veg: MY-KL-A, Marunke, Brompton, Saint Julien A, Pixy, Torinel, Ishtara, Marianna;<\/p>\n<p>P\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 tvary jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9. Jsou to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kmenn\u00e9 tvary jako Z a \u010cK. V\u00a0nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech uplat\u0148uje tak\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9 v\u0159eteno.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tvary prostorov\u00fdch korun:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Pyramid\u00e1ln\u00ed koruna<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kotlovit\u00e1 (dut\u00e1) koruna<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zlep\u0161en\u00e1 kotlovit\u00e1 koruna<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Patrovit\u00e1 koruna<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tatura trellis<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00ed\u0161e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tvary voln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch st\u011bn:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Italsk\u00e1 palmeta<\/li>\n<li>Voln\u011b rostouc\u00ed palmeta<\/li>\n<li>Duhanova palmeta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00a0intenzivn\u00edm ovocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u00e1sov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby p\u0159i sponu 5 &#8211; 6,5 \u00a0x 3 &#8211; 4 m na podno\u017ei meru\u0148kov\u00fd semen\u00e1\u010d nebo myrobal\u00e1n (300 &#8211; 400 \u2013 650 str\/ha) a na podno\u017ei St. Julien\u00a0 ve sponu 5 \u2013 5,5\u00a0 x 3 \u2013 3,5 m (500 \u2013 700 str\/ha). D\u00e1le pak st\u011bnov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby na podno\u017ei meru\u0148kov\u00fd semen\u00e1\u010d nebo myrobal\u00e1n p\u0159i sponu 4,5 &#8211; 5,0 x 3 &#8211; 3,5 m (650 &#8211; 750 str\/ha) a na podno\u017ei St. Julien\u00a0 p\u0159i sponu 4,5 x 2,5 \u2013 3 m (750 \u2013 870 str\/ha). \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka pracovn\u00ed uli\u010dky 1,7-2,5 m dle mechanizace. N\u00e1stup do plodnosti za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 3.-5. rokem (na podno\u017ei myrobal\u00e1n), obdob\u00ed pln\u00e9 plodnosti trv\u00e1 10-15 let, \u017eivotnost je pak 15-20 let.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jirivyslouzil.cz\/ovoce\/images\/Apricot\/Pasova_vys.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jirivyslouzil.cz\/ovoce\/images\/Apricot\/Pasova_vys_resize.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jirivyslouzil.cz\/ovoce\/images\/Apricot\/Stenova_vys.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jirivyslouzil.cz\/ovoce\/images\/Apricot\/Stenova_vys_resize.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meru\u0148ka pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00fdch, a krom\u011b meru\u0148ky obecn\u00e9 m\u00e1 zahradnick\u00fd v\u00fdznam n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f jako nap\u0159. P. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7401","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7401"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7429,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7401\/revisions\/7429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}