{"id":7395,"date":"2015-12-23T10:13:17","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7395"},"modified":"2015-12-23T10:34:59","modified_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:34:59","slug":"broskve","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/broskve\/","title":{"rendered":"Broskve"},"content":{"rendered":"

Broskvo\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae<\/em> \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00e9, (2n=16). Kulturn\u00ed odr\u016fdy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0rod\u016f P. persica<\/em>, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch se pod\u00edl\u00ed i P. davidiana<\/em>. V\u011bt\u0161ina odr\u016fd je samospra\u0161n\u00fdch, n\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy, ale mohou m\u00edt nekl\u00ed\u010div\u00fd pyl (odr\u016fda J.H.Hale) a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed opylen\u00ed druhou odr\u016fdou. Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed opylen\u00ed jsou vhodn\u00e1 1-2 v\u010delstva\/ha.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u011blen\u00ed: dle pomologie plodu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. prav\u00e9 broskve: (Prunus persica <\/em>var. lanuginosa<\/em> f. pretiosa<\/em>) se slupkou plstnatou a odlu\u010ditelnou du\u017eninou od pecky;<\/li>\n
  2. clingy (tvrdky): (Prunus persica <\/em>var. lanuginosa<\/em> f. durancina<\/em>) se slupkou plstnatou a neodlu\u010ditelnou du\u017eninou od\u00a0 pecky;<\/li>\n
  3. nektarinky: (Prunus persica <\/em>var. nectarina<\/em> f. pretiosa<\/em>) se slupkou lysou, odlu\u010ditelnou du\u017eninou od pecky;<\/li>\n
  4. bry\u0148onky: (Prunus persica <\/em>var. nectarinaa<\/em> f. durancina<\/em>) se slupkou lysou a du\u017eninou neodlu\u010ditelnou od pecky;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0Rozd\u011blen\u00ed do ekologick\u00fdch skupin:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. broskvon\u011b Fergansk\u00e9: s\u00a0charakteristickou \u017eilnatinou list\u016f a charakteristick\u00fdm povrchem pecky, s\u00a0plody zm\u00e1\u010dkl\u00e9ho tvaru, p\u011bstuj\u00ed se ve Fergansk\u00e9 kotlin\u011b (Uzbekist\u00e1n, Kyrgyzst\u00e1n, T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1n ).<\/li>\n
    2. Broskvon\u011b \u00a0severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny: s\u00a0dlouhou vegeta\u010dn\u00ed dobou a pozdn\u00edm dozr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm plod\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s\u00a0r\u016f\u017eovit\u00fdmi kv\u011bty, plody obvykle s\u00a0b\u00edlou du\u017eninou, s\u00a0dlouhou dobou dormance, pozdn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kveten\u00edm, odoln\u00e9 proti mrazu, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na teplotu a d\u00e9lku vegeta\u010dn\u00ed doby.<\/li>\n
    3. Broskvon\u011b \u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed a \u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00edny: s\u00a0kr\u00e1tkou vegeta\u010dn\u00ed dobou a kr\u00e1tkou dobou dormance, ran\u00fdm kveten\u00edm, men\u0161\u00edmi plody, s\u00a0du\u017eninou barvy b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo na\u017eloutl\u00e9, sladk\u00e9 chuti, sladk\u00e9 chuti (medovky), p\u011bstuj\u00ed se v\u00a0subtropick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n
    4. Broskvon\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u2013 ir\u00e1nsk\u00e1 skupina: p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s\u00a0kv\u011bty zvonkovit\u00fdmi, plody obvykle se \u017elutou du\u017eninou, s\u00a0kr\u00e1tkou dobou dormance, m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00e9 proti mraz\u016fm, otu\u017eilej\u0161\u00ed proti pozdn\u00edm jarn\u00edm mraz\u00edk\u016fm, poloran\u00e9ho i pozdn\u00edho dozr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u011bt\u0161ina americk\u00fdch a evropsk\u00fdch odr\u016fd).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Obsahov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky:<\/strong> Energetick\u00e1 hodnota: 2190 kJ.Kg-1, voda 195 g.kg-1, sacharidy 125 g.kg-1, lipidy 2 g.kg-1, vl\u00e1knina 14 g.kg-1, b\u00edlkoviny 8 g.kg-1, vitam\u00edny: C-kys. askorbov\u00e1 102 mg.kg-1, PP niacin 7,9 mg.kg-1, kys. pantotenov\u00e1 1,7 mg.kg-1, vit. A 2,31 mg.kg-1, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky: K \u2013 2030 mg.kg-1, P \u2013 220 mg.kg-1, Ca \u2013 180 mg.kg-1, Mg \u2013 90 mg.kg-1, S \u2013 60 mg.kg-1, Fe \u2013 12,1 mg.kg-1, Na \u2013 10 mg.kg-1(meru\u0148ky Na \u2013 91 mg.kg-1).<\/p>\n

      Broskvon\u011b vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nejteplej\u0161\u00ed oblasti p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou ro\u010dn\u00ed teplotou nad 9 \u00b0C (d\u00e9lka vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed 180 dn\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fm\u011bru 10\u00b0C), p\u0159i nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce od 200 do 250 m\/M. Optimum ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek je 450 \u2013 550mm. Lang\u016fv de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fd faktor 50-60. P\u016fdy vy\u017eaduje leh\u010d\u00ed a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, p\u00eds\u010dit\u011b hlinit\u00e9 a\u017e hlinit\u00e9, se 20-40 % obsahem j\u00edlovit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Obsah v\u00e1pn\u00edku max. 5 % (CaCO3), pH 6-7,5. Hladina spodn\u00ed vody 2 m.Vhodn\u00e9 jsou kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed oblasti. Nutn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1vlah \u2013 kvalita plod\u016f.<\/p>\n

      Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 podno\u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • BROSKVO\u0147OV\u00c9: B-VA-1, B-VA-2, B-VA-3, B-VA-4, LESIBERIAN,<\/li>\n
      • P. DAVIDIANA<\/em>: BD-SU-1,<\/li>\n
      • BROSKVOMANDLO\u0147: BM-VA-1, BM-VA-2;<\/li>\n
      • MANDLO\u0147: MN-VS-1, MN-VA-1;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Obecn\u011b se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed dva typy v\u00fdsadeb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • pro v\u00fdrobu stoln\u00edho ovoce<\/li>\n
        • pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed clingy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          P\u00e1sov\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba: <\/strong>pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se n\u00edzk\u00e9 tvary s\u00a0kotlovitou (dutou) korunou a v\u0159etena, v\u00a0kombinaci se slab\u011bji rostouc\u00edmi podno\u017eemi. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru podno\u017ee je nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v\u00a0potaz obsah CaCO3 a citlivost jednotliv\u00fdch podno\u017e\u00ed. Odoln\u00e9 jsou BM-VA-1, MN-VS-1, citliv\u00e9 jsou naopak broskvo\u0148ov\u00e9 podno\u017ee.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9 v\u0159eteno: v\u00fd\u0161ka km\u00ednku 0,6-0,9 m, max.v\u00fd\u0161ka tvaru 2,5 m,\n
              \n
            • b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spony: 4,0 – 4,5 x 2,0 \u2013 2,5 m\u00a0 hustota 800 ks\/ha<\/li>\n
            • st\u0159edn\u011b vzr\u016fstn\u00e9 podno\u017ee: 4,5 x 2,5 m\u00a0 888 ks\/ha<\/li>\n
            • bujn\u011b vzr\u016fstn\u00e9 podno\u017ee:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5 x 2,5\u00a0 m\u00a0\u00a0 800 ks\/ha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • \u00a0n\u00edzkokmen (z\u00e1krsek) s\u00a0kotlovitou korunou: v\u00fd\u0161ka km\u00ednku 0,8 \u2013 1,0 m,\n
                \n
              • max. v\u00fd\u0161ka tvaru 2,5 m. b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spony: 5,0 \u2013 5,5 x 3 \u2013 4 m\u00a0 hustota\u00a0 470\u00a0 ks\/ha<\/li>\n
              • st\u0159edn\u011b vzr\u016fstn\u00e9 podno\u017ee:\u00a0 5 x 3 – 4 m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 500 \u2013 666 ks\/ha<\/li>\n
              • bujn\u011b vzr\u016fstn\u00e9 podno\u017ee:\u00a0\u00a0 5,5 \u2013 6\u00a0 x 3 \u2013 4 m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 416 \u2013 606 ks\/ha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                St\u011bnov\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba: <\/strong>v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u00e1 palmeta, italsk\u00e1 palmeta :\u00a0 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na pr\u00e1ci (nutn\u00e1 dr\u00e1t\u011bnka) m\u00e1lo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9,<\/p>\n

                Konstrukce dr\u00e1t\u011bnky: italsk\u00e1 palmeta,<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • 1 dr\u00e1t je 1,0 m nad zem\u00ed<\/li>\n
                • 2 dr\u00e1t je 0,9 m vzd\u00e1len od prvn\u00edho,<\/li>\n
                • 3 dr\u00e1t je dal\u0161\u00edch 0,9 m od druh\u00e9ho (je ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 2,8m),<\/li>\n
                • V\u00fd\u0161ka km\u00ednku p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed slab\u011bji rostouc\u00edch podno\u017e\u00edch je 0,4 m u siln\u011bji pak 0,55 -0,6 m.<\/li>\n
                • V\u00fd\u0161ka jednotliv\u00fdch pater se pohybuje okolo 1,2 m dle podm\u00ednek. \u00dahel odklonu v\u011btv\u00ed od km\u00ednku z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jejich vzd\u00e1lenosti a pohybuje se okolo 60 \u00b0 pro v\u0161echny patra. Jedna palmeta zab\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 m2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Broskvon\u011b vstupuj\u00ed do plodnosti 3.- 4. rokem (na broskvov\u00e9m semen\u00e1\u010di), plodnost se pohybuje okolo 10-15 let. \u017divotnost produk\u010dn\u00edch sad\u016f je max. 15-20 let (prakticky 13 let) dle druhu v\u00fdsadby a ekologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Broskvo\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00e9, (2n=16). Kulturn\u00ed odr\u016fdy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0rod\u016f P. persica, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch se pod\u00edl\u00ed i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7395","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7395"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7425,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7395\/revisions\/7425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}