{"id":7389,"date":"2015-12-23T10:11:58","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7389"},"modified":"2016-03-18T09:31:25","modified_gmt":"2016-03-18T08:31:25","slug":"slivone","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/slivone\/","title":{"rendered":"slivon\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Prunus domestica<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>subsp. <em>insititia<\/em> (L.) var. <em>juliana<\/em> \u2013 sl\u00edvy<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>insititia<\/em> (L.) var. <em>pomariorum<\/em> \u2013 \u0161pendl\u00edky<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>insititia<\/em> (L.) var. <em>cerea<\/em> \u2013 mirabelky<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>italica<\/em> (L.) \u2013 renkl\u00f3dy<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>oeconomica<\/em> (L.) var. <em>pruneauliana<\/em> \u2013 prav\u00e9 \u0161vestky<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>oeconomica<\/em> (L.) var. <em>mamilaris <\/em>\u2013 polo\u0161vestky a datlovky<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>oeconomica<\/em> (L.) var. <em>oxycarpa<\/em> \u2013 ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u0161vestky<\/li>\n<li>subsp. <em>oeconomica<\/em> (L.) var. <em>subrotunda<\/em> \u2013 kulovit\u00e9 \u0161vestky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Odr\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0P.domestika jsou hexaploidn\u00ed 6n=48, P.cerasifera (myrobal\u00e1n) a P.salicina, P.triflora. (japonsk\u00e9 druhy) jsou diploidn\u00ed 2n=16.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Opylen\u00ed:<\/strong> vyskytuj\u00ed se samospra\u0161n\u00e9, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b samospra\u0161n\u00e9 i cizospra\u0161n\u00e9 odr\u016fdy. Ve v\u00fdsadb\u011b u cizospra\u0161n\u00fdch a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b samospra\u0161n\u00fdch odr\u016fd je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 opylova\u010de. Pro opylen\u00ed jsou vhodn\u00e1 3-4 v\u010delstva\/ha.<br \/>\n<strong>\u017divotnost<\/strong>: uv\u00e1d\u00ed se 20 \u2013 30 let podle pou\u017eit\u00e9 podno\u017ee, kmenn\u00e9ho tvaru a agrotechniky.<br \/>\n<strong>Oblast p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1roky: <\/strong>Vy\u017eaduj\u00ed oblasti s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou ro\u010dn\u00ed teplotou nad 8 \u00b0C, p\u0159i nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce do 350 m\/M. Optimum ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek je 500 \u2013 700mm. P\u016fdy vy\u017eaduje st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, dostate\u010dn\u011b vlhk\u00e9, nejl\u00e9pe,\u010dernozem, hn\u011bdozem, rendzina a aluvi\u00e1ln\u00ed podzol, pH okolo 7. Hladina spodn\u00ed vody 0,7 \u2013 0,8 m. Vy\u017eaduje dostatek vl\u00e1hy jinak plody p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b opad\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Polohy slunn\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ed severoz\u00e1padn\u00edmi a severov\u00fdchodn\u00edmi v\u011btry.<br \/>\n<strong>Mrazuodolnost:<\/strong> ve d\u0159ev\u011b snesou kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b pokles teplot a\u017e na \u2013 30 -35 \u00b0C. Kritick\u00e1 hodnota pro kv\u011btn\u00ed pupeny je p\u0159i \u2013 4\u00b0C.<br \/>\n<strong>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 oblasti \u010cR:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Rentabilita:<\/strong> data za roky 94-2000\u00a0 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdnos <strong>4,8 t\/ha<\/strong>, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hustota v\u00fdsadby <strong>400 str\/ha<\/strong>, n\u00e1klady na zalo\u017een\u00ed ha sadu:<br \/>\np\u00e1sov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby \u010dtvrtkmen\u016f p\u0159i sponu 5,5 x 3,5 m\u00a0 (470 str\/ha) = <strong>250\u00a0000 K\u010d\/ha<\/strong>;<br \/>\n<strong>Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 podno\u017ee:<\/strong> St.Julien A, Pixy, MY-KL-A, MY-VS-1, Wangenheimova, Zelen\u00e1 renkl\u00f3da a polyvalentn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed podno\u017ee&#8230;.<br \/>\n<strong>Odr\u016fdy:<\/strong> registrovan\u00e9 k\u00a02002:\u00a0 viz listina.<br \/>\nPerspektivn\u00ed odr\u016fdy: Elena, Katinka, Hanita, Herman, Top, Topper, President, Valor,&#8230;<br \/>\n<strong>P\u0159\u00edprava p\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou:<\/strong>\u00a0 zapraven\u00ed hnoje 30-40 t\/ha, hlubok\u00e1 orba\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/ rigolov\u00e1n\u00ed 0,6-0,7 m, hnojen\u00ed dle rozboru, odplevelen\u00ed (roundup, aminex) , 200 kg v\u00e1pence\/ha, 150-200 kg\/ha P;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><u>P\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/u><\/em><\/strong><u>:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>p\u00e1sov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>v\u00fdsadby \u010dtvrtkmen\u016f: <\/strong>\u00a0v\u00fdsadbov\u00fd materi\u00e1l 2-let\u00e9 \u010cK se zap\u011bstovanou korunkou ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 1,0 \u2013 1,2 m. Zap\u011bstovan\u00fd tvar je patrovit\u00e1 koruna se 3-4 kostern\u00edmi v\u011btvemi v\u00a0prvn\u00edm pat\u0159e, ve druh\u00e9m pouze 2-4 ve vzd\u00e1lenosti od prvn\u00edho patra cca 1-1,4 m, nebo d\u00e1le tal\u00ed\u0159ov\u00e1 koruna, polop\u0159irozen\u00e1 koruna a voln\u011b rostouc\u00ed koruna.<\/li>\n<li>podno\u017e: MY-KL-A, MY-BO-1<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>spon:<\/u><\/strong> 6 -7\u00a0 x\u00a0 4 &#8211; 5 m , hustota 286 \u2013 417 ks\/ha, v\u00fd\u0161ka strom\u016f max. 4,5 m, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka pracovn\u00ed uli\u010dky min. 2,5m.<br \/>\nPro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, v\u00fd\u0161ka km\u00ednk\u016f \u010cK min. 90 cm,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>v\u00fdsadby n\u00edzk\u00fdch tvar\u016f: <\/strong>\u00a0v\u00fdsadbov\u00fd materi\u00e1l 1-let\u00e9 o\u010dkovance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasnou korunkou ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 0,6 \u2013 0,9 m. Zap\u011bstovan\u00fd tvar-v\u0159etenovit\u00fd z\u00e1krsek, nebo \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9 v\u0159eteno. P\u0159i tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed\u010dka a vyvazov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00e9ho rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed po cel\u00e9m obvodu koruny.<\/li>\n<li>podno\u017ee: PIXI, St.Julien,<br \/>\n<strong><u>spon:<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 4,5 \u2013 5\u00a0 x\u00a0 2 \u2013 3 m, hustota 667 \u2013 1000 ks\/ha, v\u00fd\u0161ka strom\u016f max. 2,5 m, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka prac. Uli\u010dky min. 1,5 \u2013 2,5 m, dle mechanizace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>st\u011bnov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby<\/u>: <\/strong>m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm slab\u011b rostouc\u00edch podno\u017e\u00ed, viz meru\u0148ky.<br \/>\n<strong>Mo\u017enosti p\u011bstitelsk\u00fdch technologi\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy se zatravn\u011bn\u00fdm mezi\u0159ad\u00edm, pravideln\u00e9 kosen\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edkmen\u00fd p\u00e1s udr\u017eovat jako herbicidn\u00ed p\u00e1s,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0such\u00fdch oblastech a v\u00a0oblastech bez mo\u017enosti dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 z\u00e1vlahy, ud\u017eovat mezi\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00a0bezpleveln\u00e9m stavu, \u010dern\u00fd \u00fahor.<\/li>\n<li>hnojen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u016fdn\u00edho rozboru a listov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy,<\/li>\n<li>integrovan\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 ochrana, signalizace, monitoring,<\/li>\n<li>ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed stroma na slab\u011b rostouc\u00edch podno\u017e\u00edch,<\/li>\n<li>snaha o dosa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu 15-25 t\/ha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0158ez slivon\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00a0obdob\u00ed ra\u0161en\u00ed- v\u00fdchovn\u00fd, udr\u017eovac\u00ed, zmlazovac\u00ed \u0159ez,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0VI \u2013 VII\u00a0 &#8211; odstran\u011bn\u00ed zahu\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch a jinak nevhodn\u00fdch letorost\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>po sklizni \u2013 (u ran\u00fdch odr\u016fd) prosv\u011btlovac\u00ed a udr\u017eovac\u00ed \u0159ez<\/li>\n<li>siln\u011bji \u0159ezat odr\u016fdy se sklonem k\u00a0vyholov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>rychle vyholuj\u00ed : Althanova r., + ost. Renkl\u00f3dy = je nutn\u00fd del\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdchovn\u00fd \u0159ez<br \/>\npomalu vyholuj\u00ed: dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u0161., \u010da\u010d. rodn\u00e1, \u010da\u010d. najbolja,\u00a0 v\u00fdchovn\u00fd \u0159ez do 3. let.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hojeni ran je pomal\u00e9, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je r\u00e1ny o\u0161et\u0159it,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>u Slivon\u00ed se uplat\u0148uje <strong>ZAHN\u016eV \u0158EZ<\/strong>: <strong>vyvinut v\u00a0Jorku (N\u011bmecko)<\/strong><br \/>\nPrincip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0pravidle, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee bo\u010dn\u00ed v\u011btev nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1\/2 hlavn\u00ed osy pod rozv\u011btven\u00edm. Existuje metoda postupn\u00e9ho sesazov\u00e1n\u00ed nevhodn\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed \u0159ezem na dlouh\u00fd oslaben\u00fd aktivn\u00ed \u010d\u00edpek, co\u017e je r\u016fzn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 \u0159ezem potla\u010den\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st v\u011btve. \u010c\u00edpek ponech\u00e1v\u00e1me t\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm tlust\u0161\u00ed a mlad\u0161\u00ed a aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u011btev, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt odstran\u011bna, \u010d\u00edm kolm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed a \u010d\u00edm vlh\u010d\u00ed je stanovi\u0161t\u011b. Princip postupn\u00e9ho zakracov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0pozvoln\u00e9m p\u0159eveden\u00ed funkce na vybranou v\u011btev. Ta ji\u017e nen\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fstu potla\u010dov\u00e1na a postupn\u011b nab\u00edr\u00e1 vyrovnanou pozici s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi plodn\u00fdmi v\u011btvemi v\u00a0korun\u011b.<br \/>\n<strong>Pravidla: <\/strong><br \/>\n1) od\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e1 v\u011btev by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011btev, kter\u00e1 po \u0159ezu z\u016fstane,<br \/>\n2) v\u011btev je mo\u017en\u00e9 od\u0159ez1at ve v\u011btevn\u00edm krou\u017eku okam\u017eit\u011b, jestli\u017ee je pr\u016fm\u011br odstra\u0148ovan\u00e9 v\u011btve men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e polovina pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011btve pod rozv\u011btven\u00edm,<br \/>\n3) jeli odstra\u0148ovan\u00e1 v\u011btev siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br osy pod rozv\u011btven\u00edm, je nutn\u00fd postupn\u00fd \u0159ez.<\/p>\n<p>Sklize\u0148: n\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed najednou, n\u011bkter\u00e9 postupn\u011b, nutn\u00e1 sklize\u0148 prob\u00edrkou. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch odr\u016fd plody b\u011bhem dozr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed padaj\u00ed. Sklize\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ru\u010dn\u00ed nebo mechanizovan\u00e1 dle z\u00e1m\u011bru prodeje.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"123\">Jakostn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"148\">\n<p align=\"center\">pr\u016fm\u011br velkoplod\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p align=\"center\">pr\u016fm\u011br ostatn\u00ed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"100\">\n<p align=\"center\">mirabelky<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"123\">\n<p align=\"center\">v\u00fdb\u011br<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"148\">\n<p align=\"center\">35 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p align=\"center\">28 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"100\">\n<p align=\"center\">20 mm<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"123\">\n<p align=\"center\">I<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"148\">\n<p align=\"center\">35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p align=\"center\">28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"100\">\n<p align=\"center\">20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"123\">\n<p align=\"center\">II<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"148\">\n<p align=\"center\">do 30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p align=\"center\">do 25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"100\">\n<p align=\"center\">do 17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00daprava: co nejrychleji s chladit na 10 \u00b0C, po 24 hod. na 4 \u2013 5 \u00b0C, dal\u0161\u00ed den 0,5 \u00b0C. Takto lze uchov\u00e1vat po 14 dn\u016f,\u00a0 p\u0159i 3 % CO2 a\u017e 6 t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed: Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) var. juliana \u2013 sl\u00edvy subsp. insititia (L.) var. pomariorum \u2013 \u0161pendl\u00edky subsp. insititia (L.) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5405,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7389","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7389"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7869,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7389\/revisions\/7869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}