{"id":7309,"date":"2015-12-23T10:18:49","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T09:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/?page_id=7309"},"modified":"2016-03-18T09:31:02","modified_gmt":"2016-03-18T08:31:02","slug":"jablone","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/jablone\/","title":{"rendered":"jablon\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jablo\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00e9, pod\u010deledi Maloideae &#8211; jablo\u0148ovit\u00e9. Na vzniku\u00a0 evropsk\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch odr\u016fd se pod\u00edlely zejm\u00e9na druhy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do sekce <em>Eumalus \u2013 Malus silvestris<\/em> L. Mill., <em>M. pumila<\/em>. L. Mill., <em>M. prunifolia<\/em> Borkh., a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i <em>M. baccata<\/em> (L.) Borkh. Hybridy s\u00a0<em>M. baccata<\/em> se n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eCRAB\u201c. P\u0159i rezistentn\u00edm \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako zdroj rezistence <em>Malus floribunda<\/em> Sieb.Rod Malus se d\u011bl\u00ed do 5. sekc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny p\u011bstovan\u00e9 odr\u016fdy jsou cizospra\u0161n\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho opylova\u010de. Jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b diploidn\u00ed (2n=34), z\u0159\u00eddka triploidn\u00ed (3n=51) jako nap\u0159. \u2019Jonagold\u2019, \u2019Mutsu\u2019, \u2019 Sir Prize\u2019, \u2019Gr\u00e1v\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9\u2019, \u2019Boskoopsk\u00e9\u2019. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je pylov\u00e1 inkompatibilita (neschopnost opylen\u00ed-oplozen\u00ed) zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 rozd\u00edlnost\u00ed bu\u010f morfologick\u00e9ho, fyziologick\u00e9ho nebo anatomick\u00e9ho utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010dasn\u011b geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1. Nap\u0159. odr\u016fda \u2019Wealthy\u2019 je inkompatibiln\u00ed s\u00a0odr\u016fdou \u2019Mat\u010dino\u2019, \u00a0odr\u016fda \u2019Jonagold\u2019 s\u00a0odr\u016fdou \u2019Golden Delicious\u2019, odr\u016fda \u2019\u0160ampion\u2019 s\u00a0odr\u016fdou \u2019Lord Lambourne\u2019 atd.<\/p>\n<p>Obsahov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: Energetick\u00e1 hodnota: 2550 kJ.kg-1, voda 790 g.kg-1, su\u0161ina 210 g.kg-1, b\u00edlkoviny 4 g.kg-1, lipidy 3,7 g.kg-1, sacharidy 144 g.kg-1, popeloviny 3,7 g.kg-1, vl\u00e1knina 18 g.kg-1, vitam\u00edny: C &#8211; kys. askorbov\u00e1 48 mg.kg-1, vit A 0,27 mg.kg-1, B1,B2,B6, (0,5;0,46;0,41), E-tokoferol 4,9 mg.kg-1, H \u2013 biotin 0,012 mg.kg-1, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky: K (1240 mg.kg-1), S (144 mg.kg-1), P (100 mg.kg-1), Ca (90 mg.kg-1), Mg (58 mg.kg-1), Cl (35 mg.kg-1), Na (17 mg.kg-1).<\/p>\n<p>Jablo\u0148 je ke stanovi\u0161ti pom\u011brn\u011b nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota by se m\u011bla pohybovat okolo 7-9 \u00b0C, ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek by m\u011bl dosahovat 500 \u2013 800 mm a hladina spodn\u00ed vody do 0,8 m (v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch a\u017e 1,5 m). Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jablon\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed polohy okolo 200 a\u017e 350 m.n.m. P\u016fdy by mely b\u00fdt slab\u011b kysel\u00e9 a\u017e alkalick\u00e9\u00a0 s\u00a0pH okolo 6,2-8. St\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, hlinit\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b hlinitop\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 nebo hlinitoj\u00edlovit\u00e9 s\u00a0obsahem humusu nad 2 %.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 podno\u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>generativn\u011b mno\u017een\u00e9: &#8218;J-KL-1&#8216;, &#8218;J-KL-2&#8216;, &#8218;J-KL-3&#8216;, &#8218;J-KL-4&#8216;, &#8218;J-TE-1&#8216;, &#8218;J-TE-2&#8216;;<\/p>\n<p>vegetativn\u011b mno\u017een\u00e9: nap\u0159. &#8218;M 9&#8216;, &#8218;M 26&#8216;, &#8218;M 27&#8216;, &#8218;MM 106&#8216;, &#8218;J-OH-A&#8216;, &#8218;A 2&#8216;, &#8218;J-TE-B,C,E,F,G,H&#8216;, z\u00a0nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pak &#8218;Oltem&#8216;, &#8218;Unima&#8216;, &#8218;J-OH-18&#8216;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 tvary: jablon\u011b se nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u011bstuj\u00ed ve 2 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch tvarech.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 v\u0159eteno \u2013 (dle podno\u017ee) ve sponu 3-4 x 0,6 \u2013 1,5 m (hustota cca 2000 \u2013 3000 strom\u016f\/ha), koruna ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 0,5-0,6 m, celkov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 2,2-2,5 m. Je nutn\u00e1 opora a vhodn\u00e1 je i z\u00e1vlaha (dle podm\u00ednek stanovi\u0161t\u011b). Koruna se tvaruje a v\u011btve vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed po obvodu kmene (genetick\u00e9 spir\u00e1le). \u0158ez se prov\u00e1d\u00ed b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed a v\u00a0p\u0159edja\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 z\u00e1krsek \u2013 (dle podno\u017ee) ve sponu 3,5 \u2013 4,5 x 2,0 \u2013 3,0 m (hustota cca 1000 \u2013 2000 strom\u016f\/ha), koruna ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 0,5-0,6 m, max. v\u00fd\u0161ka 2,5 m. Strom m\u00e1 zap\u011bstovanou korunu nej\u010dast\u011bji se 4 kostern\u00edmi v\u011btvemi a s\u00a0p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm termin\u00e1lem. C\u00edlem \u0159ezu je prosv\u011btlen\u00ed koruny a odstran\u011bn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch a jinak nevhodn\u00fdch v\u00fdhon\u016f a v\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dnes ji\u017e pouze extenzivn\u00ed tvary pro zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou \u010dtvrtkmen, polokmen a vysokokmen.<\/p>\n<p>d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perspektivn\u00edm tvarem pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jablon\u00ed je syst\u00e9m SOLAX.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1stup do plodnosti je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na pou\u017eit\u00e9 podno\u017ei a p\u011bstitelsk\u00e9m tvaru. Na st\u0159edn\u011b a slab\u011b rostouc\u00edch podno\u017e\u00edch za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve 3.- 4. roce, plodnost pak trv\u00e1 25 \u2013 30 let, \u017eivotnost je 30-35 let. Z\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9ho a zdravotn\u00edho hlediska je \u017eivotnost intenzivn\u00edch sad\u016f 15-20 let.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jablo\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed do \u010deledi Rosaceae \u2013 r\u016f\u017eovit\u00e9, pod\u010deledi Maloideae &#8211; jablo\u0148ovit\u00e9. Na vzniku\u00a0 evropsk\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch odr\u016fd se pod\u00edlely zejm\u00e9na druhy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5216,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7309","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7309"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7427,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7309\/revisions\/7427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jirivyslouzil.cz\/databaze_ovoce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}